Understanding Cortisol (AM & PM Levels): What They Mean for Your Health

What is Cortisol?

Cortisol is a hormone made by your adrenal glands. These small glands sit on top of your kidneys. Cortisol helps your body handle stress. It also controls blood sugar, blood pressure, and energy levels. Because of this, cortisol is sometimes called the “stress hormone.”

Why Do AM & PM Cortisol Levels Matter?

Cortisol (AM & PM levels) change during the day. In the morning, your body makes more cortisol to help you wake up. As the day goes on, levels drop. By evening, cortisol is much lower. This daily pattern is called a “diurnal rhythm.” Because of this, doctors often check both morning and evening cortisol levels. This helps them understand your body’s natural rhythm and spot any problems.

Normal Ranges for Cortisol (AM & PM)

Normal cortisol levels depend on the time of day. Usually, they are highest in the morning and lowest at night. Here are typical ranges (may vary by lab):

Morning (AM) cortisol: 6–23 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL)

Evening (PM) cortisol: 3–10 mcg/dL

However, normal cortisol levels can differ by age, health, and test method. Always check your lab’s reference range. If your results are outside these ranges, your doctor will help with cortisol test interpretation.

Causes of Abnormal Cortisol Levels

Sometimes, cortisol (AM & PM levels) are too high or too low. Many things can cause this, such as:

Chronic stress or anxiety

Adrenal gland problems (like Addison’s disease or Cushing’s syndrome)

Pituitary gland disorders

Use of steroid medicines

Sleep problems or shift work

Severe illness or infection

Because of these causes, it is important to look at both morning vs evening cortisol results.

How is Cortisol Measured?

Doctors use several ways to check your cortisol (AM & PM levels):

Blood test: A sample is taken, often in the morning and sometimes in the evening.

Saliva test: You spit into a tube, usually late at night, to check for low levels.

Urine test: You collect urine over 24 hours to measure total cortisol.

Each test helps your doctor see your daily pattern and spot any problems. For best results, follow your doctor’s instructions closely.

Symptoms of High or Low Cortisol

Abnormal cortisol (AM & PM levels) can affect your health in many ways. For example, high cortisol may cause:

Weight gain, especially around the belly

Thin skin or easy bruising

High blood pressure

Muscle weakness

Feeling anxious or moody

On the other hand, low cortisol may cause:

Fatigue or weakness

Weight loss

Low blood pressure

Nausea or vomiting

Dizziness, especially when standing

If you notice these symptoms, talk to your doctor. Early treatment can help prevent serious problems.

Lifestyle Tips for Healthy Cortisol Balance

Keeping your cortisol (AM & PM levels) in a healthy range is important. Here are some tips:

Get enough sleep each night

Eat balanced meals at regular times

Exercise regularly, but do not overdo it

Practice stress-reducing activities, like deep breathing or yoga

Limit caffeine and alcohol

Keep a regular daily routine

With these habits, you can support your body’s natural cortisol rhythm.

Prevention and When to Seek Medical Advice

Although you cannot always prevent cortisol problems, healthy habits can help. For example, managing stress and getting enough rest are key. If you have symptoms of high or low cortisol, or if your test results are abnormal, see your doctor. They can help with cortisol test interpretation and suggest the right treatment. Early care can protect your health and well-being.

For personalized advice about your cortisol levels, consult a healthcare professional at Kamineni Diagnostic Centre. They can guide you based on your unique needs and health history.